Spring Constructor Injection and parameter names

At runtime, java classes do not retain the name of the constructor or method parameters, unless classes are compiled with debug options on. This has some interesting implications for Spring Constructor Injection:

Consider the following simple class:

package dbg;
public class Person {

 private final String first;
 private final String last;
 private final Address address;

 public Person(String first, String last, Address address){
  this.first = first;
  this.last = last;
  this.address = address;
 }

 public String getFirst() {
  return first;
 }

 public String getLast() {
  return last;
 }

 public Address getAddress() {
  return address;
 }
}

and a sample Spring bean configuration xml file:

<bean name="address1" class="dbg.Address" p:street1="street1" p:street2="street1" p:state="state1"/>
 <bean name="person1" class="dbg.Person" c:address-ref="address1" c:last="Last1" c:first="First1"  ></bean>
 <bean name="person2" class="dbg.Person" c:first="First2" c:address-ref="address1" c:last="Last2"   ></bean>

Here I am using the c namespace for constructor injection. This fails with the exception that the argument types are ambiguous - this is because the first argument is a String and since its runtime representation does not have the argument name present, Spring cannot determine if it should be substituted for the first name or last.

There are a couple of fixes possible for this scenario:

1. To use index based constructor injection, the drawback though is that it is very verbose:

<bean name="person1" class="dbg.Person" >
  <constructor-arg value="First1"></constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg value="Last1"></constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg ref="address1"></constructor-arg>
 </bean>
 <bean name="person2" class="dbg.Person" >
  <constructor-arg value="First2"></constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg value="Last2"></constructor-arg>
  <constructor-arg ref="address1"></constructor-arg>
 </bean>

2. To compile with debug symbols on, this can be done by passing a -g or -g:var flag to the java compiler - this will ensure that the parameter names are preserved in the class file and the original concise bean configuration with c namespace will work.


3. A neat fix is to annotate the constructor with @ConstructorProperties which basically provides the argument names to Spring:

public class Person {

 private final String first;
 private final String last;
 private final Address address;

 @ConstructorProperties({"first","last","address"})
 public Person(String first, String last, Address address){
  this.first = first;
  this.last = last;
  this.address = address;
 }

This works with or without debug options turned on.

4. Probably the best fix of all is to simply use @Configuration to define the beans:

@Configuration
public static class TestConfiguration{
 
 @Bean
 public Address address1(){
  return new Address();
 }
 @Bean
 public Person person1(){
  return new Person("First1", "Last1", address1());
 }
 @Bean
 public Person person2(){
  return new Person("First2", "Last2", address1());
 }
 
}